Joint pain: possible causes, self-care and when to see a doctor

Joint pain can happen at any age. It may be caused by a sprain or strain after exercise, osteoarthritis, which is more common after the age of 45, bursitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout or, less often, a joint infection. Some women also notice aching joints around perimenopause. Because there are so many causes, it helps to watch how the pain behaves.

What to note before an appointment

1. Which joint hurts, and whether the pain is on one or both sides of the body.
2. When the pain is worst: when moving, after rest or in the morning.
3. How long morning stiffness lasts.
4. Whether the joint is swollen, warm or red.
5. Whether you have other symptoms, such as a rash, psoriasis, digestive problems or a high temperature.

Self-care for milder pain

Rest the painful joint, but do not stop moving it completely. Put a cold pack, such as a bag of frozen vegetables wrapped in a towel, on the joint for up to 20 minutes every two to three hours. Ask a pharmacist or doctor which painkiller is suitable for you. In the long run, a healthy weight, a balanced diet, not smoking and regular movement all help.

Movement that is kind to joints

The CDC says physical activity can ease arthritis pain and make daily tasks easier. Choose activities that put less strain on the joints, such as brisk walking, cycling, swimming, water exercise, tai chi or dancing. Start slowly, even with five to ten minutes, and add strength exercises on two days a week. Mild pain or stiffness at the start is common, but if it does not ease, contact a doctor or physiotherapist.

When to get help

See a doctor if the pain disturbs your sleep or daily activities, has not improved after two weeks of home care, keeps coming back, or if morning stiffness lasts more than 30 minutes. Get urgent help if a joint is swollen and hot and you feel unwell or have a fever, or after a fall with severe pain, a joint out of place or being unable to put weight on your leg.

Sources: NHS CDC.