Eczema and dermatitis: skin care you can start today

Eczema is a long term inflammatory skin condition that causes dryness, redness and itching. It cannot be cured but can be kept under control. This is general information, and treatment is decided by a doctor.

Everyday care

1. Apply a fragrance free moisturiser (emollient) at least twice a day, even when skin is calm.
2. Use an emollient instead of soap for washing and take short lukewarm showers.
3. Pat skin dry after bathing and apply moisturiser straight away.
4. Wear cotton clothing and wash it with a mild detergent and an extra rinse.
5. Keep nails short. Instead of scratching, gently pinch or rub the itchy spot with your fingertips.

Triggers

Note what worsens your skin: heat, sweat, dust, pet hair, smoke, stress or certain foods. Only cut out foods on a doctor’s advice, because unnecessary diets can do harm.

Probiotics and zinc

There is no firm evidence that probiotics treat eczema, and zinc from supplements must not exceed the adult upper limit of 40 mg a day. Do not start supplements instead of treatment.

When to see a doctor

Get help if skin weeps, crusts, hurts, you have a fever or the condition worsens despite care. Use steroid cream only as directed by your doctor.

A practical tip: keep a weekly skin diary noting food, clothing, showering and stress. Show the diary to your doctor, because it helps find triggers and adjust care.

Keep the cream somewhere visible, for example by the sink and the bed, so it is easier to apply several times a day. After swimming, shower with lukewarm water and apply cream straight away.

Sources: NHS NIH ODS NCCIH.