Music and focus: how to build a playlist for deep work

With some songs work flows, with others you read the same line five times. The evidence on music and concentration is mixed, so it is best to test what suits you. Music is a help, not an obligation.

Build a playlist in five steps

1. Choose one kind of task, such as writing or reading.
2. Start with instrumental music or songs without clear words, because lyrics can interfere when you read or write.
3. Choose steady tempo and volume, without abrupt transitions.
4. Make a list of 45 to 90 minutes so you do not need to change songs mid task.
5. Test for three days and note which music made time pass faster and which made you stop more often.

When silence is better

For a hard new task or for learning, try working without music or with quiet ambient noise. If you catch yourself constantly changing songs, the music is probably distracting you.

Try a two hour rule: one block of work with music, then a short pause in silence. During the pause stand up, drink water and look out of the window. That makes it easier to notice whether music really helped or you simply got used to it.

Protect your hearing and mood

NCCIH warns that loud listening can contribute to hearing loss. Keep the volume low enough that you can still hear your surroundings and hold a conversation. NCCIH also notes that music tied to strong memories can sometimes be distressing, so avoid songs that unsettle you emotionally. For stress, research shows a benefit from music, but most of it is still preliminary.

Sources: NCCIH.