Persistent cough in adults: possible causes, self-care and when to see a doctor

A cough is a reflex that clears the throat and airways. An acute cough usually comes with a cold, flu or acute bronchitis and lasts up to two or three weeks. The NHS says most coughs clear up on their own within three to four weeks. A cough that lasts longer deserves attention, because there may be a cause that needs treatment.

Common causes of a long lasting cough

The most common causes include smoking, heartburn or acid reflux, allergies such as hay fever, asthma, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infections, and mucus dripping down the throat from the back of the nose. Some medicines can also cause a cough. A serious cause is rare, but it should be ruled out.

Self-care while you wait to be seen

1. Rest and drink plenty of fluids.
2. A warm drink with lemon and honey may soothe the throat, although evidence is limited. Do not give honey to babies under one year old.
3. Breathe in steam from a shower or more humid air from a humidifier.
4. If you smoke, stop, and avoid smoke.
5. A pharmacist can suggest a syrup or lozenges, which may ease the cough but will not stop it.
6. Note when you cough more, for example at night, after meals or around allergens.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor if your cough lasts more than three weeks, if you are losing weight for no reason, or if you have a weakened immune system. Get urgent help if the cough is severe or getting worse quickly, if you feel very unwell, have chest pain, have trouble breathing, cough up blood or have a painful swelling on the side of your neck.

Natural supplements and propolis do not replace a check-up for a persistent cough. If you take medicines, tell your doctor, because some medicines can also cause a cough.

Sources: NHS MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.